Decision-support content

Pipe Wall Thickness (ASME B31.3)

Estimates the minimum required wall thickness for a straight section of process pipe under internal pressure, following ASME B31.3 Process Piping, Para. 304.1.2.

Governing equation

t = (P × D) / (2 × (S × E × W + P × Y)). Required thickness tm = t + c, where c covers corrosion, erosion and threading allowances. Selected nominal wall must satisfy tm after mill tolerance (typically 12.5%).

Inputs you need

  • Design pressure P and design temperature T
  • Pipe outside diameter D and material specification
  • Allowable stress S at design temperature (Table A-1)
  • Joint quality factor E and weld strength reduction factor W
  • Coefficient Y from Table 304.1.1
  • Corrosion / erosion allowance c and mechanical allowances

Typical workflow

  • Pick material and look up S at T
  • Compute t, add c to get tm
  • Divide by (1 − mill tolerance) to get ordered wall
  • Select the next standard schedule that meets the ordered wall

Limits of use

Equation applies to t < D/6 and P/(SE) ≤ 0.385. Outside that range use Para. 304.1.2(b) or thick-wall formulas. Always confirm with the project specification and current code edition.

Key references

  • · ASME B31.3 Para. 304.1
  • · ASME B31.3 Table A-1, Table 304.1.1

Use of this content

This page is a decision-support and training reference. It is not a substitute for the governing code, the project specification, or the judgement of a responsible engineer. Always validate against the current edition of the applicable standard before use on live engineering work.